Guides / Building Search UI / Widgets

Customize a Vue InstantSearch Widget

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Highlight and snippet your search results

Search is all about helping users understand the results. This is especially true when using text-based search. When a user types a query in the search box, the results must show why the results are matching the query. That’s why Algolia implements a powerful highlight that lets you display the matching parts of text attributes in the results.

Highlighting is based on the results and you need to customize the ais-hits widget to use the Highlighter. The ais-highlight and the ais-snippet widgets take two props:

  • attribute: the path to the highlighted attribute of the hit (which can be either a string or an array of strings)
  • hit: a single result object

Notes:

  • Use the ais-highlight widget when you want to display the regular value of an attribute.
  • Use the ais-snippet widget when you want to display the snippet version of an attribute. To use this widget, the attribute name passed to the attribute prop must be present in “Attributes to snippet” on the Algolia dashboard or configured as attributesToSnippet via a set settings call to the Algolia API.

This example leverages the item slot of the Hit widget. In the results the name field is highlighted. These examples use the mark tag to highlight. This is a tag specially made for highlighting pieces of text.

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<ais-hits :escape-HTML="true">
  <template v-slot:item="{ item }">
    <h2>
      <ais-highlight
        attribute="name"
        :hit="item"
        highlightedTagName="mark"
      />
    </h2>
    <p>
      <ais-snippet
        attribute="description"
        :hit="item"
        highlightedTagName="mark"
      />
    </p>
  </template>
</ais-hits>
<ais-configure
  :attributesToSnippet="['description']"
  snippetEllipsisText="[…]"
/>

Style your widgets

The widgets are shipped with fixed CSS class names.

The format for those class names is ais-NameOfWidget-element--modifier. This follows the naming convention defined by SUIT CSS.

The different class names used by each widget are described on their respective documentation pages. You can also inspect the underlying DOM and style accordingly.

Loading the theme

No CSS is loaded into your page automatically but there are two themes that you can load manually:

  • reset.css
  • satellite.css

It’s strongly recommended that you use at least reset.css to avoid visual side effects caused by the new HTML semantics.

The reset theme CSS is included within the satellite CSS, so there is no need to import it separately when you are using the satellite theme.

Via CDN

The themes are available on jsDelivr:

unminified:

minified:

You can either copy paste the content into your own app or use a direct link to jsDelivr:

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<!-- Include only the reset -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/instantsearch.css@7.4.5/themes/reset-min.css" integrity="sha256-QlHlZdbSVxaYkUHxhMFhAj/L3pJiW1LuomSCONXBWms=" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- or include the full Satellite theme -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/instantsearch.css@7.4.5/themes/satellite-min.css" integrity="sha256-TehzF/2QvNKhGQrrNpoOb2Ck4iGZ1J/DI4pkd2oUsBc=" crossorigin="anonymous">

Using yarn (npm) and webpack

If you are using Vue CLI, you can import these styles without a separate loader.

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yarn add instantsearch.css
yarn add --dev style-loader css-loader
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// App.js

// Include only the reset
import 'instantsearch.css/themes/reset.css';
// or include the full Satellite theme
import 'instantsearch.css/themes/satellite.css';
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// webpack.config.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    loaders: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/,
        loaders: ['style?insertAt=top', 'css'],
      },
    ],
  },
};

Other bundlers

Any other module bundler like Browserify or Parcel can be used to load Algolia’s CSS. Vue InstantSearch doesn’t rely on any specific module bundler or module loader.

Translate your widgets

Vue InstantSearch doesn’t have a dedicated API for translating text, but it has slots in every component. When there’s data needed for rendering this is provided too. For example in ais-pagination:

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<ais-pagination>
  <template v-slot:first>first</template>
  <template v-slot:previous>prev</template>
  <template v-slot:item="{value, active}" :style="{color: active ? 'red' : 'green'}">
    {{value.toLocaleString()}}
  </template>
  <template v-slot:next>next</template>
  <template v-slot:last>last</template>
</ais-pagination>

Templating

Vue InstantSearch supports templating via slots. With them you can customize the markup of each sub part of your components. For example in ais-pagination:

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<ais-pagination>
  <template v-slot:first>first</template>
  <template v-slot:previous>prev</template>
  <template v-slot:item="{value, active}" :style="{color: active ? 'red' : 'green'}">
    {{value.toLocaleString()}}
  </template>
  <template v-slot:next>next</template>
  <template v-slot:last>last</template>
</ais-pagination>

Modify the list of items in widgets

Vue InstantSearch provides two APIs for manipulating lists:

  • sort-by, this is the most straightforward API and obviously limited to sorting
  • transform-items, this is the most flexible solutions but it requires more involvement on your side

The transform-items prop is a function that takes the whole list of items as a parameter and it will expect to receive in return another array of items. Most of the examples in this guide will use this API.

Sorting

Using sort-by

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<ais-refinement-list
  attribute="categories"
  :sortBy="['name']"
/>

Using transformItems

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<ais-refinement-list
  attribute="categories"
  transformItems="items => items.sort((a,b) => a.value.localeCompare(b.value))"
/>

Filtering

This example filters out items when the count is lower than 150:

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<ais-refinement-list
  attribute="categories"
  transformItems="items => items.filter(item => item.count >= 150)"
/>

Add manual values

By default, the values in a ais-refinement-list or a ais-menu are dynamic. This means that the values are updated with the context of the search. Most of the time this is the expected behavior, but sometimes you may want to have a static list of values that never change.

This example, uses a static list of values:

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<template>
<ais-refinement-list
  attribute="categories"
  :transformItems="getStaticValues"
/>

</template>

<script>
// There is a limitation here with our helper/is.js based libraries
// we do not provide values that were refined and that have 0 count
// In this case, this is problematic because a correct implementation should
// keep track of the selected values and implementing in this situation would
// be a lot of code.
export default {
  methods: {
    getStaticValues: (items) => {
      const staticValues = ['Cell Phones', 'Unlocked Cell Phones'];
      return staticValues.map(value => {
        const item = items.find(item => item.label === value);
        return item || {
          label: value,
          value,
          count: 0,
          isRefined: false,
          highlighted: value,
        };
      });
    }
  }
};
</script>

Display facets with no matches

Hiding facets when they don’t match a query can be counter-intuitive. However, because of the way Algolia handles faceting, you have to rely on workarounds on the front end to display facets when they have no hits.

One way of displaying facets with no matches is by caching the results the first time you receive them. Then, if the amount of real facet hits that Algolia returns is below the limit set, you can append the cached facets to the list.

This solution comes with limitations:

  • Facet hits coming from a facet search (“Search for facet values”) can’t work because Algolia doesn’t return facets that don’t match (the highlighting won’t work on cached items).
  • Sorting might need to be applied again in the transformItems function because the internal sorting happens before this function is called
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<template>
  <ais-refinement-list
    :attribute="brandAttribute"
    :transformItems="transformItems"
  />
</template>

<script>
  import algoliasearch from 'algoliasearch/lite';

  function uniqBy(items, property) {
    const seen = {};

    return items.filter(item => {
      const val = item[property];

      if (seen[val]) {
        return false;
      } else {
        seen[val] = true;
        return true;
      }
    });
  }

  export default {
    mounted() {
      this.searchClient
        .searchForFacetValues([
          {
            indexName: this.indexName,
            params: {
              facetName: this.brandAttribute,
              facetQuery: '',
              maxFacetHits: this.brandLimit,
            },
          },
        ])
        .then(([{ facetHits }]) => {
          this.initialFacets.push(
            ...facetHits.map(facet => ({
              ...facet,
              label: facet.value,
              value: facet.value,
              isRefined: false,
              count: 0,
            }))
          );
        });
    },
    data() {
      return {
        searchClient: algoliasearch(
          'latency',
          '6be0576ff61c053d5f9a3225e2a90f76'
        ),
        initialFacets: [],
        indexName: 'instant_search',
        brandAttribute: 'brand',
        brandLimit: 10,
      };
    },
    methods: {
      transformItems(items) {
        // If Algolia doesn't return enough results, we lose track of a
        // potentially refined facet.
        // For example, if you refine on "Apple", then search for "chromecast",
        // "Apple" is no longer returned, and we don't know that it was selected
        // based on the initial facets.
        // We need to keep track of the last state to reflect the fact that it
        // was refined in the UI.
        this.initialFacets.forEach((facet, index) => {
          const updatedItem = items.find(item => item.value === facet.value);

          if (updatedItem) {
            this.initialFacets[index] = {
              ...updatedItem,
              count: 0,
            };
          }
        });

        // If a cached facet is already returned by Algolia, we want it to be
        // displayed rather than to display its cached value.
        // You might need to sort the items again here because the internal
        // sorting happens before `transformItems` is called.
        return uniqBy([...items, ...this.initialFacets], 'value').slice(
          0,
          this.brandLimit
        );
      },
    },
  };
</script>

Searching long lists

Use the searchable prop to add a search box to supported widgets:

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<ais-refinement-list
  attribute="categories"
  searchable
/>

Apply default value to widgets

A question that comes up frequently is “How to instantiate a ais-refinement-list widget with a pre-selected item?”. For this use case, you can use the ais-configure widget.

The following example instantiates a search page with a default query of “apple” and will show a category menu where the item “Cell Phones” is already selected:

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<template>
  <ais-instant-search
    index-name="instant_search"
    :search-client="searchClient"
  >
    <ais-configure
      query="apple"
      :disjunctive-facets-refinements.camel="{ categories: ['Cell Phones'] }"
    />
    <ais-refinement-list attribute="categories"/>
    <ais-search-box />
    <ais-hits />
  </ais-instant-search>
</template>

<!-- You need to instantiate `searchClient` in your script -->

How to provide search parameters

Algolia has a wide range of parameters. If one of the parameters you want to use isn’t covered by any widget, then you should use the ais-configure widget.

Here’s an example configuring the number of results per page:

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<template>
  <ais-instant-search
    index-name="your_indexName"
    :search-client="searchClient"
  >
    <ais-configure :hits-per-page.camel="5" />
    <ais-search-box />
    <ais-hits />
  </ais-instant-search>
</template>

<!-- You need to instantiate `searchClient` in your script -->

Dynamic update of search parameters

Updating the props of the ais-configure widget will dynamically change the search parameters and will trigger a new search.

Filter your results without widgets

Widgets already provide a lot of different ways to filter your results but sometimes you might have more complicated use cases that require the usage of the filters search parameter.

Don’t use filters on a attribute already used with a widget, it will conflict.

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<ais-configure :filters="NOT categories:\"Cell Phones\""></ais-configure>
In depth Filters and facet filters

Customize the complete UI of the widgets

Extending Vue InstantSearch widgets is the second layer of the API. Read about the two others possibilities in the “What’s InstantSearch?” guide.

Unlike other flavors of InstantSearch, Vue InstantSearch doesn’t provide connectors. Instead, each widget provides a top level slot to allow for complete customization while being able to reuse the logic of the widget.

When to extend widgets?

‘Extending widgets’ means being able to redefine the rendering output of an existing widget. For instance, if you want to render the Menu widget as an HTML select element, you must extend the Menu widget.

Here are some common examples that require the usage of the connectors API:

  • When you want to display the widgets using another UI library
  • When you want to have full control on the rendering without having to re-implement business logic
  • As soon as you hit a feature wall using the default widgets

How widgets are built

Vue InstantSearch widgets are built in two parts:

  • Business logic code
  • Rendering code

The business logic is called connectors. Those connectors are provided by InstantSearch.js and their interfaces are exposed through a scope on the default slot.

Connectors render API

The aim is to share as much of a common API between all connectors as possible. Once you know how to use one connector, you can use them all.

Slot scopes

Most of the connectors will use the same naming for properties passed down to the slot.

  • items[]: array of items to display, for example the brands list of a custom Refinement List. Every extended widget displaying a list gets an items property to the data passed to its render function.
  • refine(value|item.value): will refine the current state of the widget. Examples include: updating the query for a custom SearchBox or selecting a new item in a custom RefinementList.
  • currentRefinement: currently applied refinement value (usually the call value of refine()).
  • createURL(value|item.value): will return a full URL you can display for the specific refine value given you are using the routing feature.

An item is an object that you will find in items arrays. The shape of those objects is always the same.

  • item.value: The underlying precomputed state value to pass to refine or createURL
  • item.label: The label to display, for example “Samsung”
  • item.count: The number of hits matching this item
  • item.isRefined: Is the item currently selected as a filter

Some connectors will have more data than others. Read their API reference to know more. Connectors for every widget are documented in the API reference, for example the ais-menu widget.

Extending widget example

If you want to override complete rendering, that is done with the default slot of every widget. Here’s an example of that for ais-menu:

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<ais-menu attribute="categories">
  <template v-slot="{ items, createURL, refine }">
    <ol>
      <li
        v-for="item in items"
        :key="item.value"
      >
        <component :is="item.isRefined ? 'strong' : 'span'">
          <a
            :href="createURL(item.value)"
            @click.prevent="refine(item.value)"
          >
            {{item.label}} - {{item.count}}
          </a>
        </component>
      </li>
    </ol>
  </template>
</ais-menu>

Below is a fully working example of a Menu widget rendered as a select HTML element.

The files to look at are src/components/MenuSelect.vue where you will find the code using the default slots to extend the menu widget.

See Live Demo

Head over to the community forum if you still have questions about extending widgets.

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